Publication Hub Archive

Dikablis Glasses

You have reached the Ergoneers Publication Hub for:

Product Name > Dikablis Glasses

Find all Publications here:

Publication Hub

Total results: 509

Number of Display Units in Power Plant Control Rooms–Design Recommendations as a Derivation of Eye Tracking Studies

Year: 2016

Authors: R Kockrow, A Hoppe

In control rooms of coal-fired power plants the visual behavior of operators was analyzed during controlling and supervisory tasks in a broad-based study by using eye tracking techniques. This study focused on the usage of installed display units. Object of investigation were control stations under real conditions, which are equipped with a various number of display units. During real system operation and under simulated conditions the visual behavior of 104 operators could be captured objectively. According to the formulated hypotheses the Visual Comfort Zone for operator tasks was proved by statistical evaluation. This Zone is individually distinctive and unattached to the number of installed display units. There are some requirements allowing such preferences in organizing the visual behavior in supervisory tasks. Practical Relevance Based on the findings it is evident, that exceedance of a specific number of displays leads to decreasing usage on furthermore installed displays. From an ergonomic point of view the reasonableness and limits of visualizing concepts with a large number of displays can be deduced. As a result of this study a demand-actuated strategy for information visualization could be developed.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

On the visual distraction effects of audio-visual route guidance

Year: 2016

Authors: T Kujala,H Grahn, J Mäkelä, A Lasch

This is the first controlled quantitative analysis on the visual distraction effects of audio-visual route guidance in simulated, but ecologically realistic driving scenarios with dynamic maneuvers and self-controlled speed (N = 24). The audio-visual route guidance system under testing passed the set verification criteria, which was based on drivers' preferred occlusion distances on the test routes. There were no significant effects of an upcoming maneuver instruction location (up, down) on the in-car display on any metric or on the experienced workload. The drivers' median occlusion distances correlated significantly with median in-car glance distances. There was no correlation between drivers' median occlusion distance and intolerance of uncertainty but significant inverse correlations between occlusion distances and age as well as driving experience were found. The findings suggest that the visual distraction effects of audio-visual route guidance are low and provide general support for the proposed testing method.

Simulator
Software

2 versions available

Operator information acquisition in excavators–Insights from a field study using eye-tracking

Year: 2016

Authors: M Koppenborg, M Huelke, P Nickel, A Lungfiel

Poor operator direct sight can lead to collisions between excavators and humans, especially during reversing movements. Viewing aids, such as mirrors and camera monitor systems (CMS) are intended to compensate this. As empirical evidence on operators’ visual information acquisition is scarce, this study investigated utilization of mirrors and CMS during regular work on construction sites by using eye-tracking and task observation. Results show that, during reversing movements, especially the left mirror and the CMS monitor were used. Implications of utilization and neglect are discussed with regard to safety and machinery design, such as configuration of viewing aids.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

Safety measuring research of urban tunnel portal and exit zone based on microscopic driving behavior

Year: 2016

Authors: Q XU, F SHAO, W FANG, K JIANG

The objective of this paper is to extract a comprehensive measure which reflects drivers’ microscopic behaviors to measure the safety of urban tunnel entrance and exit. Field test was conducted at Xi’an men tunnel located in Nanjing. The eye-movement and psychophysical performance of seven drivers, together with driving speed and acceleration along the portal and exit of urban tunnel were collected synchronously by the Dikablis. According to weight score of each factor, a comprehensive measure (FE) was established and it was classified into three levels by the criterion of history traffic crash rate. It could be used to measure the safety of urban tunnel portal and exit zone based on microscopic driving behavior.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

Speech feedback reduces driver distraction caused by in-vehicle visual interfaces

Year: 2016

Authors: P Larsson

Driver distraction and inattention are the main causes of accidents today and one way for vehicle manufacturers to address this problem may be to replace or complement visual information in in-vehicle interfaces with auditory displays. In this paper, we address the specific problem of giving text input to an interface while driving. We test whether the handwriting input method, which previously has been shown to be promising in terms of reducing distraction, can be further improved by adding speech feedback. A driving simulator study was carried out in which 11 persons, (3 female) drove in two different scenarios (curvy road and straight motorway) while performing three different handwriting text input tasks. Glance behavior was measured using a head mounted eyetracker, and subjective responses were also acquired. ANOVA Analysis revealed that speech feedback resulted in less distraction as measured by total glance time compared to the baseline condition (no speech). There were however also interaction effects which indicated that the positive effect of speech feedback were not as prominent for the curvy road scenario. Post-experiment interviews nonetheless showed that the participants felt as if the speech feedback made the text input task safer, and also that they preferred speech feedback over no speech.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

1 version available:

Speech in Interaction–The Zurich Tangram Corpus

Year: 2016

Authors: Y Kalmanovitch

The Zurich Tangram Corpus was design primarily to investigate the relationship between interactional experience and inter-speaker phonetic convergence. It is aimed to look primarily at phonetic convergence between interlocutors as a factor of interactional intensity and of mutual interactional experience over time. It contains recordings of dyad interaction in semi-natural discourse. Subjects were required to work together on an order reconstruction task in three sessions one-week apart from each other. In addition to audio data, video data as well as eye-tracking data were collected.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

Speech versus visual-manual interfaces in trucks: effects on driver distraction, user acceptance, and perceived efficiency

Year: 2016

Authors: S Lindvall

Truck drivers often have a tight time schedule and therefore need to carry out several in-vehicle tasks while driving, such as making phone calls, writing down information and navigating to new places. Performing these tasks using a visual-manual interface can impose visual distraction which has been shown to lead to safety-critical events on the roads. Instead of using a visual-manual interface, a speech interface could be a safer alternative if designed properly. However, the cognitive load demanded by speech interfaces and the connection between cognitive load and driving behaviour is not fully understood. In this study, a speech interface and its visual-manual counterpart were evaluated and compared in terms of visual distraction, cognitive load and user efficiency and perceived acceptance. Eye tracking was used to measure visual distraction. The measurements used for cognitive load were the Tactile Detection Response task (TDRT) and the Driving Activity Load Index (DALI). Perceived acceptance and efficiency were measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS), the Subjective Assessment of Speech Systems (SASSI) and semi-structured interviews. The conclusions were that (1) the speech interface was less visually distracting than the visual-manual counterpart, (2) the speech interface was less cognitively demanding than the visual-manual interface, especially in the navigation task, (3) the speech interface was safer to use while driving compared to the visual-manual interface and (4) the speech interface had higher user acceptance and perceived efficiency than the visual-manual interface. Further research should investigate the connection between cognitive load and driving behaviour, such as lane keeping and brake response time, by employing a variety of speech tasks with various complexity as well as including speech interfaces entirely free from visual demand. The focus should be on the difference between baseline driving and speech interaction, as opposed to speech interaction and visual-manual interaction.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

Supporting Wayfinding Through Mobile Gaze-Based Interaction

Year: 2016

Authors: I Giannopoulos

Wayfinding in unfamiliar environments often requires the use of assistance aids. Humans utilize navigation aids to make the correct spatial decisions in order to reach their destination. The main purpose of these aids is to minimize the complexity (e.g., cognitive load) of a decision, which varies according to the number of possible options to follow at a decision point, as well as based on the abilities of the wayfinder and the available environmental information that can be incorporated in a wayfinding instruction. Several wayfinding assistance aids require the user’s visual attention in order for her to obtain the provided information. The interaction with such assistance aids might increase the complexity of decision making having an impact on wayfinding performance. Furthermore, wayfinding aids that require the user’s visual attention distract her from the surrounding environment having an impact on safety as well as on spatial knowledge acquisition. The focus of this dissertation lies in the investigation of self-localization and navigation in urban environments utilizing eye tracking technology as well as in the investigation, implementation, and evaluation of gaze-based wayfinding assistance systems. The main aim was to identify problems that occur during aided wayfinding, focusing on the visual interaction with mobile devices and the environment. Through novel gaze-based interaction approaches with mobile devices and the environment, it was possible to address problems concerning visual attention switches away from the surrounding environment and provide solutions and directions for novel assistance systems that minimize the interaction with the device to a minimum, redirecting the visual attention to the surrounding environment, increasing spatial knowledge acquisition, performance as well as usability aspects.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

The expressway traffic sign information volume threshold and AGS position based on driving behaviour

Year: 2016

Authors: Z Guo, Z Wei, H Wang

Reasonable traffic signs are important for ensuring operation safety and efficiency of expressways. The overloaded information of the traffic signs and improper distance ahead of the signs present serious problems, for they may raise the driver's visual cognition burden, reduce expressway operation efficiency and cause potential safety hazards. This paper aims at developing design criteria of traffic sign information volume and reasonable AGS positions with regard to driving behavior and traffic safety. The relationship among driving behavior, traffic sign information and AGS positions has been studied based upon driving simulation tests in this paper. The information of traffic signs is processed and quantified with the method of information entropy under the framework of information theory. According to traffic flow theory and a mathematical model of vehicle lane change, AGS positions are analyzed and reasonable positions are recommended in relation to the operation conditions on multi-lane expressways. During the simulation tests, drivers aged 20-40 with 2-10 year driving experience were invited for the tests and asked to drive along the designed expressway scenes. The driver's visual behavior was monitored with an eye tracking system and data of driving behavior and the vehicle running tracks were also collected during the simulation tests. The relationship model between traffic sign information volume, AGS position and driving behavior parameters was developed as a result of further data mining, analysis and synthesis. Eventually, a multidimensional indicator of expressway sign information volume threshold has been proposed and reasonable AGS positions on multi-lane expressways are determined.

Simulator
Software

8 versions available

The reality of myoelectric prostheses: understanding what makes these devices difficult for some users to control

Year: 2016

Authors: A Chadwell,L Kenney,S Thies,A Galpin

Users of myoelectric prostheses can often find them difficult to control. This can lead to passive-use of the device or total rejection, which can have detrimental effects on the contralateral limb due to overuse. Current clinically available prostheses are “open loop” systems, and although considerable effort has been focused on developing biofeedback to “close the loop,” there is evidence from laboratory-based studies that other factors, notably improving predictability of response, may be as, if not more, important. Interestingly, despite a large volume of research aimed at improving myoelectric prostheses, it is not currently known which aspect of clinically available systems has the greatest impact on overall functionality and everyday usage. A protocol has, therefore, been designed to assess electromyographic (EMG) skill of the user and predictability of the prosthesis response as significant parts of the control chain, and to relate these to functionality and everyday usage. Here, we present the protocol and results from early pilot work. A set of experiments has been developed. First, to characterize user skill in generating the required level of EMG signal, as well as the speed with which users are able to make the decision to activate the appropriate muscles. Second, to measure unpredictability introduced at the skin–electrode interface, in order to understand the effects of the socket-mounted electrode fit under different loads on the variability of time taken for the prosthetic hand to respond. To evaluate prosthesis user functionality, four different outcome measures are assessed. Using a simple upper limb functional task prosthesis users are assessed for (1) success of task completion, (2) task duration, (3) quality of movement, and (4) gaze behavior. To evaluate everyday usage away from the clinic, the symmetricity of their real-world arm use is assessed using activity monitoring. These methods will later be used to assess a prosthesis user cohort to establish the relative contribution of each control factor to the individual measures of functionality and everyday usage (using multiple regression models). The results will support future researchers, designers, and clinicians in concentrating their efforts on the area that will have the greatest impact on improving prosthesis use.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

14 versions available