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Total results: 393

The effects of distraction on anticipatory driving

Year: 2018

Authors: D He,B Donmez

The anticipation of future events in traffic can allow potential gains in recognition and response times. Anticipatory actions (i.e., actions in preparation for a potential upcoming conflict) have been found to be more prevalent among experienced drivers in a driving simulator study where driving was the sole task. The influence of secondary tasks on anticipatory driving has not yet been investigated, despite the prevalence and negative effects of distraction widely documented in the literature. A driving simulator experiment was conducted with 16 experienced and 16 novice drivers to address this gap with half of the participants provided with a self-paced visual-manual secondary task. More anticipatory actions were observed among experienced drivers in general compared to novices; experienced drivers also exhibited more efficient visual scanning behaviors. Secondary task engagement reduced anticipatory actions for both experienced and novice drivers.

Eye Tracking Glasses
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6 versions available

The gaze of Schroedinger’s cat: Eye-tracking in psycholinguistics

Year: 2018

Authors: T Chernigovskaya,S Alexeeva, A Dubasava,T Petrova

Keywords: psycholinguistics, experimental linguistics, reading process, eye tracking, processing of letters, words, sentences, texts, verbal and non-verbal patterns, Russian. The book addresses the study of reading mechanisms and visual perception using the method of eye-tracking. The authors conduct their research in the Laboratory for Cognitive Studies of Saint Petersburg State University that was the first in Russia to utilize eye-tracking in experimental studies of language more than 15 years ago. Psycholinguistic experiments aimed at analyzing reading in Russian are described; a systematic description of factors which influence reading process at different stages and linguistic levels from a single letter to a coherent text is provided. The mechanisms of separate graphemes recognition, activation and competition processes in word recognition, contextual integration processes, syntactic parsing, and anaphora resolution in eye-tracking experiments are described. The influence of the text type on its processing is demonstrated, the advantages and disadvantages of the infographics compared to verbal text are described, the relationship between visual perception of images and their verbalization is discussed. The significant role of context is highlighted: on the one hand, it helps the reader to anticipate new information, and on the other hand, it enables different multiple interpretations of a sentence or text. In the book a virtual assistant — Schroedinger’s cat — is used as a model of a subject who processes and transmits information. The book will appeal to linguists and cognitive psychologists who use eye-tracking in their research, as well as for the wide range of those who are interested in objective methods of studying language processing and human behavior.

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3 versions available

The Impact of Attention on Wines’ Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Awards and Consumption Situations

Year: 2018

Authors: PG Monteiro

The Impact of Attention on Wines' Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Awards and Consumption Situations investigates how consumers’ attention influences their intention to purchase wine, considering the moderating effects of awards and different consumption contexts. This study applies an experimental design to assess variations in purchase intentions based on manipulated levels of attention. Findings suggest that consumer attention significantly affects wine purchase intentions and highlight the nuanced roles of awards and consumption situations. The research provides valuable insights for wine marketers seeking to enhance promotional strategies.

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2 versions available

The impact of peer solution quality on peer-feedback provision on geometry proofs: Evidence from eye-movement analysis

Year: 2018

Authors: M Alqassab,JW Strijbos,S Ufer

Providing feedback on peer solutions to geometry proofs can support preservice mathematics teachers' assessment skills of such complex tasks. However, the quality of peer solutions may influence cognitive processing during peer-feedback provision, learning from providing peer-feedback, and peer-feedback content. To investigate this effect, we recorded the eye-movements of fifty-three preservice mathematics teachers while providing feedback on a near-correct or an erroneous peer solution to a geometry proof, and we measured their proof comprehension and peer-feedback content. Results show that the absence of errors earlier in the peer solution facilitated reliance on a figure-based approach, whereas encountering errors earlier in the peer solution was associated with more focus on the text of the proof. Students who provided peer-feedback on the near-correct peer solution had better comprehension of the proof, and they provided more accurate peer-feedback. Errors in peer solutions thus appear to hinder positive peer-feedback outcomes.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

5 versions available

Translating driving research from simulation to interstate driving with realistic traffic and passenger interactions

Year: 2018

Authors: JM Vettel,N Lauharatanahirun,N Wasylyshyn

In this driving study, participants were assigned to a driver-passenger dyad and performed two drives along Interstate-95 in normal traffic conditions. During the driving session, the driver had to safely navigate the route while listening and discussing news stories that were relayed by the passenger. The driver then performed a set of memory tasks to evaluate how well they retained information from the discussion in a multitask context. We report preliminary analyses that examined subjective factors which may influence success in social communication, including trait and state similarity derived from questionnaires as well as physiological synchrony from implicit state measurements derived from brain activity data. Although this dataset is still in collection, these initial findings suggest potential metrics that capture the contextual complexity in naturalistic, multitask environments, providing a rich opportunity to study how successful communication reflects shared social and emotional experiences.

Eye Tracking Glasses
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5 versions available

User experience evaluation of industrial design based on brain cognitive behavior

Year: 2018

Authors: X Wu, Y Wu

User experience evaluation is essential for the development of industrial design, as it directly affects the usability and consumer satisfaction of products. This study investigates the impact of brain cognitive behavior on user experience evaluation of industrial design. By analyzing brain activity responses and cognitive load during interaction with industrial designs, the research aims to uncover how users perceive and process design elements. The findings provide insights into optimizing design features to enhance user experience and inform the development of brain-based evaluation methods for industrial design.

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1 version available:

Using synchronized eye and motion tracking to determine high-precision eye-movement patterns during object-interaction tasks

Year: 2018

Authors: EB Lavoie,AM Valevicius,QA Boser, O Kovic

This study explores the role that vision plays in sequential object interactions. We used a head-mounted eye tracker and upper-limb motion capture to quantify visual behavior while participants performed two standardized functional tasks. By simultaneously recording eye and motion tracking, we precisely segmented participants' visual data using the movement data, yielding a consistent and highly functionally resolved data set of real-world object-interaction tasks. Our results show that participants spend nearly the full duration of a trial fixating on objects relevant to the task, little time fixating on their own hand when reaching toward an object, and slightly more time—although still very little—fixating on the object in their hand when transporting it. A consistent spatial and temporal pattern of fixations was found across participants. In brief, participants fixate an object to be picked up at least half a second before their hand arrives at the object and stay fixated on the object until they begin to transport it, at which point they shift their fixation directly to the drop-off location of the object, where they stay fixated until the object is successfully released. This pattern provides additional evidence of a common system for the integration of vision and object interaction in humans, and is consistent with theoretical frameworks hypothesizing the distribution of attention to future action targets as part of eye and hand-movement preparation. Our results thus aid the understanding of visual attention allocation during planning of object interactions both inside and outside the field of view.

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9 versions available

Varieties of interaction: from User Experience to Neuroergonomics: On the occasion of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter Annual …

Year: 2018

Authors: D de Waard,F Di Nocera,D Coelho,J Edworthy

In everyday road traffic, communication between road users plays an important role – especially in traffic situations where cooperation is necessary. In order to ensure successful future communication between human road users and autonomous vehicles, the communication between human road users must be better understood and modeled for automatic traffic. A relevant parameter in the analysis of cooperative scenarios is gaze behaviour. In contrast to e.g. mental workload, no specific parameters have been identified for analyzing cooperative scenarios so far. As a method, on a traffic-training-center, two experiments were conducted for cooperative situations implementing a narrow-passage (N=21) and a specific t-junction-scenario with three road users (N=20) to investigate cooperative behavior. In both experiments, the subjects were confronted with offensive or defensive approaching behaviours and the decision-making behaviour was investigated. Aim of the analysis was to identify relevant gaze parameters for cooperative scenarios. The results show that for different scenarios different parameters become relevant. For a complex scenario saccadic parameters are more important than fixation parameters. In contrast fixation-metrics show higher importance in simple scenarios.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

3 versions available

Visual attention failures during turns at intersections: An on-road study

Year: 2018

Authors: NE Kaya,S Ayas,CT Ponnambalam,B Donmez

Crash data indicate that misallocation of attention is a major source of vehicle crashes with vulnerable road users (pedestrians and cyclists) at intersections. Video recordings from outside and inside the vehicle indicate that drivers allocate their attention based on their expectations but the extent that drivers fail to scan for vulnerable road users at intersections is not known. In this paper, we examine failures to check for vulnerable road users during right turns at intersections. Eye-tracking data was analyzed from 19 drivers between the ages of 35 and 54 who participated in an on-road instrumented vehicle study conducted in downtown Toronto. Each participant made two right turns from a major arterial road. In addition to attention allocation failures, we assessed whether the objective data was correlated with experience driving in the area as well as with drivers’ subjective responses about their intersection-related errors collected through the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). Eleven of the 19 participants had a failure in at least one of the intersections; all failures related to checking for cyclists. At a marginally significant level, attentional failures were more likely for those who drove more frequently in downtown Toronto and for those who had larger error scores on intersection-related questions of DBQ. The prevalence of attentional failures observed is alarming, especially given that our participants represented the lowest crash-risk age group. It appeared that drivers less familiar with an area were more cautious when it comes to negotiating an intersection. Additionally, drivers appeared to be aware of their intersection-related errors as indicated by their DBQ responses. Further research with an increased sample size and on a variety of intersections is needed to generalize these findings.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

2 versions available

Visual distraction effects between in-vehicle tasks with a smartphone and a motorcycle helmet-mounted head-up display

Year: 2018

Authors: H Grahn,T Kujala

Besides motorists, also motorcyclists need safer user interfaces to interact with useful applications on the road. In this paper, distraction effects of in-vehicle tasks conducted with a head-up display (HUD) for motorcyclists were compared to smartphone tasks with 24 participants in a driving simulator. Compared to the smartphone tasks, the head-up display tasks decreased the percentage of inappropriately long glances by 45 percent. The head-up display tasks were also experienced as less demanding than the smartphone tasks. Additionally, the use of head-up display for navigation did not lead to gaze concentration effects compared to baseline driving. The head-up display is concluded to be a safer option for the tested tasks for motorcyclists than a smartphone. Based on earlier research, we assume that the use of peripheral vision allowed drivers to better maintain situational awareness during the head-up display tasks compared to the head-down smartphone tasks. In addition, the easy-to-learn haptic design of the head-up display handlebar controller could be used without vision.

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2 versions available