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Total results: 129

The expressway traffic sign information volume threshold and AGS position based on driving behaviour

Year: 2016

Authors: Z Guo, Z Wei, H Wang

Reasonable traffic signs are important for ensuring operation safety and efficiency of expressways. The overloaded information of the traffic signs and improper distance ahead of the signs present serious problems, for they may raise the driver's visual cognition burden, reduce expressway operation efficiency and cause potential safety hazards. This paper aims at developing design criteria of traffic sign information volume and reasonable AGS positions with regard to driving behavior and traffic safety. The relationship among driving behavior, traffic sign information and AGS positions has been studied based upon driving simulation tests in this paper. The information of traffic signs is processed and quantified with the method of information entropy under the framework of information theory. According to traffic flow theory and a mathematical model of vehicle lane change, AGS positions are analyzed and reasonable positions are recommended in relation to the operation conditions on multi-lane expressways. During the simulation tests, drivers aged 20-40 with 2-10 year driving experience were invited for the tests and asked to drive along the designed expressway scenes. The driver's visual behavior was monitored with an eye tracking system and data of driving behavior and the vehicle running tracks were also collected during the simulation tests. The relationship model between traffic sign information volume, AGS position and driving behavior parameters was developed as a result of further data mining, analysis and synthesis. Eventually, a multidimensional indicator of expressway sign information volume threshold has been proposed and reasonable AGS positions on multi-lane expressways are determined.

Simulator
Software

8 versions available

Analysing people’s movement in the built environment via space syntax, objective tracking and gaze data

Year: 2015

Authors: S Eloy

In this paper we use analysis tools from Space Syntax and objective observation of the human behaviour, to understand the impact of landmarks in the walking patterns of users of spaces. Our case study was a large exterior public open space (University Campus), in which participants could walk freely and simultaneously be tracked by several sensors. We carried Space Syntax analysis for this space, and then collected Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking information and used a mobile eye-tracking device to acquire eye gaze information. The collected data allowed us to map and analyse each subject behaviour in the public space. A more specific analysis was done to four selected landmarks that, according to the Space Syntax analysis, were the ones with higher integration values. Results indicate that landmarks with such higher integration values show also a larger count of fixations and saccades of gaze interaction.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available:

AnalysingPeople’sMovementintheBuiltEnvironmentvia Space Syntax, Objective Tracking and Gaze Data

Year: 2015

Authors: S Eloy,TP Lázaro Ourique,R Resende,MS Dias

In this paper we use analysis tools from Space Syntax and objective observation of the human behaviour, to understand the impact of landmarks in the walking patterns of users of spaces. Our case study was a large exterior public open space (University Campus), in which participants could walk freely and simultaneously be tracked by several sensors. We carried Space Syntax analysis for this space, and then collected Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking information and used a mobile eye-tracking device to acquire eye gaze information. The collected data allowed us to map and analyse each subject behaviour in the public space. A more specific analysis was done to four selected landmarks that, according to the Space Syntax analysis, were the ones with higher integration values. Results indicate that landmarks with such higher integration values show also a larger count of fixations and saccades of gaze interaction.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

2 versions available

Blickbasierte Mensch-Computer-Interaktion mit Geoinformationssystemen

Year: 2015

Authors: P Kiefer

Die Schnittstelle zwischen Mensch und Computer steht zunehmend im Fokus der geoinformatischen Forschung. Aber auch in der Praxis wird der Aspekt der Nutzbarkeit immer wichtiger für die effiziente Einsetzbarkeit und breite Vermarktung eines Geoinformationssystems (GIS). Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Literaturüberblick zur blickbasierten Interaktion mit (mobilen oder Desktop-basierten) Geoinformationen. Bei dieser Interaktionsform wird mit Eye Tracking-Systemen das Blickverhalten des Nutzers gemessen, in Echtzeit verarbeitet, und zur Anpassung der Nutzerschnittstelle verwendet. Das Kapitel bietet eine generelle Einführung in die Eye Tracking-Technologie und verweist auf aktuelle Forschungsansätze im Bereich blickbasierter Interaktion mit Geoinformation.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

2 versions available

Driving with homonymous visual field defects: Driving performance and compensatory gaze movements

Year: 2015

Authors: TC Kübler,E Kasneci,W Rosenstiel

Aim of this pilot study was to assess the driving performance and its relationship to the visual search behavior, i.e., eye and head movements, of patients with homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) in comparison to healthy-sighted subjects during a simulated driving test. Eight HVFD patients and six healthy-sighted age- and gender-matched control subjects underwent a 40-minute driving test with nine hazardous situations. Eye and head movements were recorded during the drive. Four out of eight patients passed the driving test and showed a driving performance similar to that of the control group. One control group subject failed the test. Patients who passed the test showed an increased number of head and eye movements. Patients who failed the test showed a rightwards-bias in average lane position, probably in an attempt to maximize the safety margin to oncoming traffic. Our study supports the hypothesis that a considerable subgroup of subjects with HVFDs show a safe driving behavior, because they adapt their viewing behavior by increased visual scanning.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

8 versions available

Evaluation of a radio tuning task on Android while driving

Year: 2015

Authors: M Krause, C Angerer,K Bengler

We implemented the AAM reference radio tuning procedure with some modifications for Android and tested it against a hardware radio on a tablet and on a smartphone. The used measurement methods involved an AAM track with driving metrics and eye tracking, a Lane Change Test (LCT) and occlusion testing. The metrics are reported and compared. The glance metrics seem to be potentially influenced by a carry-over effect from a training task toward longer glance durations. Nevertheless, the results are promising for further testing and validation experiments. Due to the easy setup, more uniform hardware (Android tablet) and a procedure without experimenter announcements, the open source application could be a valuable tool in experiments.

Simulator
Software

4 versions available

Excuse: Robust pupil detection in real-world scenarios

Year: 2015

Authors: W Fuhl,T Kübler,K Sippel,W Rosenstiel

The reliable estimation of the pupil position is one the most important prerequisites in gaze-based HMI applications. Despite the rich landscape of image-based methods for pupil extraction, tracking the pupil in real-world images is highly challenging due to variations in the environment (e.g. changing illumination conditions, reflection, etc.), in the eye physiology or due to variations related to further sources of noise (e.g., contact lenses or mascara). We present a novel algorithm for robust pupil detection in real-world scenarios, which is based on edge filtering and oriented histograms calculated via the Angular Integral Projection Function. The evaluation on over 38,000 new, hand-labeled eye images from real-world tasks and 600 images from related work showed an outstanding robustness of our algorithm in comparison to the state-of-the-art.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

2 versions available

GazeNav: Gaze-based pedestrian navigation

Year: 2015

Authors: I Giannopoulos,P Kiefer,M Raubal

Pedestrian navigation systems help us make a series of decisions that lead us to a destination. Most current pedestrian navigation systems communicate using map-based turn-by-turn instructions. This interaction mode suffers from ambiguity, its user's ability to match the instruction with the environment, and it requires a redirection of visual attention from the environment to the screen. In this paper we present GazeNav, a novel gaze-based approach for pedestrian navigation. GazeNav communicates the route to take based on the user's gaze at a decision point. We evaluate GazeNav against the map-based turn-by-turn instructions. Based on an experiment conducted in a virtual environment with 32 participants we found a significantly improved user experience of GazeNav, compared to map-based instructions, and showed the effectiveness of GazeNav as well as evidence for better local spatial learning. We provide a complete comparison of navigation efficiency and effectiveness between the two approaches.

Simulator
Software

7 versions available

Malfunction of a traffic light assistant application on a smartphone

Year: 2015

Authors: M Krause, S Weichelt,K Bengler

A traffic light assistant on a smartphone is assessed in real traffic, with an eye tracking system. In one experimental condition, the system showed (intentionally) false information to the drivers to simulate a malfunction. The glances for this condition showed similar gaze parameters, as a working system. The subjective ratings of the test subjects after this malfunction dropped significantly. The gathered gaze data are compared to three former studies (two in a driving simulator and another study in real road driving). Findings indicate, that a driving simulator is a safe and reliable alternative to get some of the glance data (e.g., glance durations to the smartphone) without driving in real traffic.

Simulator
Software

4 versions available

Mobile cognition: balancing user support and learning

Year: 2015

Authors: M Raubal

People engage in mobile decision-making on a daily basis. Spatially aware mobile devices have the potential to support users in spatio-temporal decision situations by augmenting their cognitive abilities or compensating for their deficiencies. In many cases though, this technology has a negative impact on people's spatial learning of the environment, such as during wayfinding. In this position paper we argue that mobile cognition must strive for solutions that find the right balance between immediate goals and longer-term objectives such as spatial learning.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

2 versions available