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Total results: 642

An approach to VR based head and eye movement correlation evaluation system

Year: 2018

Authors: J DutNo, R Vargic

This contribution describes a new VR based head and eye movement correlation evaluation systems. Systems allows capturing of the gaze position using eye tracker mounted in the head mounted display for the virtual reality as well as the actual head position and rotation. There values can be evaluated under number of prepared scenes and experiments. Using the environment some of the hypotheses related to the head and eye movements in the virtual reality were studied and tested. The preliminary results are shown and are promising. However, there are significant systematic errors that shall be eliminated.

1 version available:

An inconspicuous and modular head-mounted eye tracker

Year: 2018

Authors: S Eivazi,TC Kübler,T Santini,E Kasneci

State of the art head mounted eye trackers employ glasses like frames, making their usage uncomfortable or even impossible for prescription eyewear users. Nonetheless, these users represent a notable portion of the population (e.g. the Prevent Blindness America organization reports that about half of the USA population use corrective eyewear for refractive errors alone). Thus, making eye tracking accessible for eyewear users is paramount to not only improve usability, but is also key for the ecological validity of eye tracking studies. In this work, we report on a novel approach for eye tracker design in the form of a modular and inconspicuous device that can be easily attached to glasses; for users without glasses, we also provide a 3D printable frame blueprint. Our prototypes include both low cost Commercial Out of The Shelf (COTS) and more expensive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) cameras, with sampling rates ranging between 30 and 120 fps and multiple pixel resolutions.

1 version available:

An investigation of driver behavior on urban general road and in tunnel areas

Year: 2018

Authors: HY Song, F Shao, Q Xu,TY Guo

The objective of this study is to examine experience-related differences in microscope driving behavior as drivers performed six separate maneuvers, namely 1) driving on general urban roads, 2) approaching a tunnel portal, 3) driving through a tunnel's threshold zone, 4) driving in the interior tunnel zone, 5) driving in the zone ahead the tunnel exit and 6) driving after the tunnel exit. An on-road experiment was conducted with 20 drivers in two groups. The first group was made up of new licensed drivers, and the second group contained the more experienced drivers. The study consisted of one between-subject (experience) and five within-subject variables (drive environment type). The drivers' behavior was measured through Mean Glance Duration, AOI Attention Ration, Horizontal Eye Activity, Vertical Eye Activity, Percentage of Eyelid Closure, and Heart Rate Variability. With respect to the relevant psychological measures, the results show that in general more attention is focused on the far left-hand side of the road and the near front road when driving through tunnel areas when compared with driving on general roads. In addition, the psychological measurements indicate that tunnel's dark narrow environment causes anxiety on driving for lower heart rate variation coefficient (RRCV). New licensed drivers were more severely affected by the tunnel environment than the experienced drivers.

3 versions available

Are pilots prepared for a cyber-attack? A human factors approach to the experimental evaluation of pilots’ behavior

Year: 2018

Authors: P Gontar, H Homans, M Rostalski, J Behrend

The increasing prevalence of technology in modern airliners brings not just advantages, but also the potential for cyber threats. Fortunately, there have been no significant attacks on civil aircraft to date, which allows the handling of these emerging threats to be approached proactively. Although an ample body of research into technical defense strategies exists, current research neglects to take the human operator into account. In this study, we present an exploratory experiment focusing on pilots confronted with a cyber-attack. Results show that the occurrence of an attack affects all dependent variables: pilots' workload, trust, eye-movements, and behavior. Pilots experiencing an attack report heavier workload and weakened trust in the system than pilots whose aircraft is not under attack. Further, pilots who experienced an attack monitored basic flying instruments less and their performance deteriorated. A warning about a potential attack seems to moderate several of those effects. Our analysis prompts us to recommend incorporating cyber-awareness into pilots' recurrent training; we also argue that one has to consider all affected personnel when designing such training. Future research should target the development of appropriate procedures and training techniques to prepare pilots to correctly identify and respond to cyber-attacks.

8 versions available

Civil Servants’ Cognitive Evaluation of Performance Appraisal Based on Computational Neuroscience

Year: 2018

Authors: Q Sun, X Xu, Q Han

This study explores civil servants’ cognitive evaluation of performance appraisal systems using computational neuroscience. Through the integration of cognitive processes and computational models, the research aims to understand how civil servants perceive and react to performance appraisals. This approach combines the behavioral data of civil servants with neuroscience techniques to provide deeper insights into their cognitive evaluation. The findings suggest that the application of computational neuroscience in performance appraisal can enhance the effectiveness and fairness of these systems. This interdisciplinary method offers a novel perspective on improving administrative efficiency and employee satisfaction in public sector organizations.

2 versions available

Comparison of the effect of quiet eye training and anticipation training on the performance of hockey goalkeepers

Year: 2018

Authors: M Aliasghari

Introduction: Cognitive-perceptual skills are important for successful performance in many tasks. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of quiet eye training and anticipation training on performance of hockey goalkeepers. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 10 hockey goalkeepers were selected via purposeful sampling method, and randomly assigned to two equal groups of quiet eye training and anticipation training. The study included pretest, intervention, posttest, and transference stages. Participants in pretest, posttest, and transfer (under-pressure position) stages received 25 hockey strokes at a distance of 9 meters. Intervention was done for three consecutive days (9 blocks of 40 trials, a total of 360 trials), and participants received their training instructions. Data were analyzed using independent t and dependent t tests via SPSS software. Results: Both anticipation training (P = 0.010) and quiet eye training (P < 0.001) had significant effect on the performance of hockey goalkeepers. Moreover, quiet eye training group had better performance compared to anticipation training group in both normal (P = 0.010) and under-pressure (P = 0.010) conditions. Conclusion: Quiet eye training in contrast to anticipation training results in better performance in normal and under-pressure conditions.

3 versions available

Determining Eye Blink Rate Level Utilizing Sitting Postural Behavior Data

Year: 2018

Authors: 이해현

Dry eye syndrome (DES) affects many white-collars workers worldwide. Though it is known that low eye blink rate (EBR) is associated with the risk of DES, it is difficult to improve EBR through self-correction. One way to increase EBR is to warn the worker of low EBR using an external system. Existing EBR measurement devices have limitations, such as physical discomfort or invasiveness, which hinder their acceptance. For a solution that overcomes these limitations, this study aimed to develop a classification system that differentiates the levels of EBR using posture and postural variability data obtained from chair-embedded distance and pressure sensors. Additionally, this study attempted to investigate the relationship between EBR, posture, and postural variability. Participants completed three seated computer tasks, in which eye blink and postural sensor data were collected. The EBR classification system was developed by using a machine learning method; the accuracy of the EBR classification system was 93% across the three task types and study participants. The low EBR level was found to be associated with smaller postural variability and a tendency for the worker to hold a forward-leaning sitting posture. The EBR classification system developed in this study is expected to contribute to the prevention of DES.

1 version available:

Do people with Parkinson’s disease look at task relevant stimuli when walking? An exploration of eye movements

Year: 2018

Authors: D Hunt, S Stuart, J Nell, JM Hausdorff, B Galna

Eye movements are impaired by Parkinson’s disease (PD) although limited research has explored if PD affects the relevance of visual fixations when walking. Visual fixations may provide crucial contextual information for safe navigation and important insights into fall risk. This study aimed to: investigate visual fixations made while walking under a range of conditions in PD; identify their task relevance; and explore their relationship with clinical features. Thirty-eight people with mild-moderate PD and forty age-matched control participants completed a straight walk with (i) no additional stimuli and (ii) with additional stimuli (visual cues or a high contrast obstacle), whilst wearing a mobile eye-tracker. Fixations were extracted and classified by location and relevance. PD participants made proportionally fewer task-relevant fixations (floor, walls and additional stimuli ahead), caused by significantly more task-irrelevant fixations (floor, walls and ceiling away from waking path) during normal walking (p = 0.014). These group differences were not apparent with visual cues (p = 0.359). During obstacle crossing trials, PD made significantly more task-relevant fixations than controls (p = 0.007). Reduced bilateral visual acuity was associated with fewer fixations in PD. Our findings suggest that people with PD visually explore complex environments less efficiently likely owing to underlying PD pathology. Visual exploration improved with the addition of salient stimuli (for example visual cues or an obstacle) and thus developing and optimising visual interventions could prove critical to improving locomotor safety and reducing falls risk in home environments.

9 versions available

Do you see what I see? Mobile eye-tracker contextual analysis and inter-rater reliability

Year: 2018

Authors: S Stuart, D Hunt, J Nell,A Godfrey

Mobile eye-trackers are currently used during real-world tasks (e.g. gait) to monitor visual and cognitive processes, particularly in ageing and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, contextual analysis involving fixation locations during such tasks is rarely performed due to its complexity. This study adapted a validated algorithm and developed a classification method to semi-automate contextual analysis of mobile eye-tracking data. We further assessed inter-rater reliability of the proposed classification method. A mobile eye-tracker recorded eye-movements during walking in five healthy older adult controls (HC) and five people with PD. Fixations were identified using a previously validated algorithm, which was adapted to provide still images of fixation locations (n = 116). The fixation location was manually identified by two raters (DH, JN), who classified the locations. Cohen’s kappa correlation coefficients determined the inter-rater reliability. The algorithm successfully provided still images for each fixation, allowing manual contextual analysis to be performed. The inter-rater reliability for classifying the fixation location was high for both PD (kappa = 0.80, 95% agreement) and HC groups (kappa = 0.80, 91% agreement), which indicated a reliable classification method. This study developed a reliable semi-automated contextual analysis method for gait studies in HC and PD. Future studies could adapt this methodology for various gait-related eye-tracking studies.

14 versions available

Driver Cognitive Workload Detection via Eye-tracking and Physiological Modalities

Year: 2018

Authors: X Zhao

Driver Cognitive Workload Detection via Eye-tracking and Physiological Modalities aims to enhance safety by monitoring and assessing drivers' mental states. The dissertation by Xin Zhao, presented to the University of Toronto in 2018, explores advanced methods for detecting cognitive workload using eye-tracking and various physiological signals. This work contributes to the development of intelligent systems capable of real-time monitoring, ultimately aiming to reduce accidents related to driver inattention and cognitive overload.

4 versions available