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Total results: 534

Speed differences during two-handed tasks: bimanual versus intermanual coordination and the effect of practice

Year: 2018

Authors: MJ Crites

Prior research has shown that some two-handed tasks are completed faster when using the dyadic, intermanual coordination mode (two people each using one hand to complete a two-handed task) compared to the normal, bimanual coordination mode (one person using two-hands). However, this so-called “intermanual speed advantage” has been found to disappear after bimanual practice. Research suggests that these performance differences may depend on fundamental characteristics of each coordination mode that facilitate or impede speed during two-handed tasks. To investigate underlying human factors that affect speed, a task was constructed to exploit ostensible bimanual limitations: between-hand coupling and visuomotor coupling. Additionally, it was hypothesized that speed during two-handed tasks is associated with simultaneous, goal-directed movements (SGDMs) of the limbs, and that the bimanual limitations restrict the ability to make these movements during unpracticed task performance. It was further hypothesized that the intermanual speed advantage would disappear following bimanual practice. Indeed, the intermanual speed advantage found in prior literature was replicated during an unpracticed task and was not present following bimanual practice. Results suggest that the explanatory measures (between-hand coupling, visuomotor coupling, and SGDMs) provide a simple explanation of speed during two-handed tasks as compared to previously offered explanations based on shared task knowledge. Furthermore, previous bimanual practice increased performance (as evidenced by speed and results for most of the explanatory measures), which was consistent with hypotheses. The findings have implications for theories of motor control and applications that require individual and cooperative manual coordination, such as teleoperation and laparoscopy.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

2 versions available

The art of pervasive eye tracking: Unconstrained eye tracking in the Austrian Gallery Belvedere

Year: 2018

Authors: T Santini,H Brinkmann, L Reitstätter,H Leder

Pervasive mobile eye tracking provides a rich data source to investigate human natural behavior, providing a high degree of ecological validity in natural environments. However, challenges and limitations intrinsic to unconstrained mobile eye tracking makes its development and usage to some extent an art. Nonetheless, researchers are pushing the boundaries of this technology to help assess museum visitors' attention not only between the exhibited works, but also within particular pieces, providing significantly more detailed insights than traditional timing-and-tracking or external observer approaches. In this paper, we present in detail the eye tracking system developed for a large scale fully-unconstrained study in the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, providing useful information for eye-tracking system designers. Furthermore, the study is described, and we report on usability and real-time performance metrics. Our results suggest that, although the system is comfortable enough, further eye tracker improvements are necessary to make it less conspicuous. Additionally, real-time accuracy already suffices for simple applications such as audio guides for the majority of users even in the absence of eye-tracker slippage compensation.

Eye Tracking Glasses

4 versions available

The effect of different types of quiet eye training on kicking skill in children with high motor proficiency

Year: 2018

Authors: M Yazdani,M Shahbazi, J Fazel

Introduction: The human uses vision to detect information about the task environment. Studies have shown that duration of quiet eye, motor performance, and efficiency in a number of tasks has improved using quiet eye training. The current study was to assess the effects of different types of quiet eye training on quiet eye and kicking skill in children with high motor proficiency. Materials and Methods: In this study, 45 boy students with high motor proficiency with age range of 7 to 10 years by performing a pretest phase, homogeneously divided in to three groups of baseline, and short-term and long-term quiet eye training. The study included pretest, acquisition, and posttest phases. In the pretest phase, the participants performed 4 soccer shots (Modified Christian Moore's Shot Test). The acquisition phase was done in 12 sessions, and 10 trials in per session. At the end of the last training session, the participants performed 4 soccer shots in the posttest phase. In each phase, visual information was recorded by the eye tracking system, and the accuracy of the soccer shot was recorded by the researcher. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The different types of quiet eye training had a significant effect on accuracy of soccer shot (P = 0.001) and the duration of quiet eye (P = 0.001) of children with high motor proficiency. But there was no significant difference between each of the types of quiet eye training on the accuracy of soccer shot and the duration of quiet eye (P > 0.05 for both). Conclusion: According to the results, based on the effect of different types of quiet eye training on the quiet eye and the accuracy of shooting, it is suggested that coaches and sports teachers should pay special attention to such training in working with children with high motor proficiency.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

2 versions available

The effect of internal and external attention focus on quiet eye characteristics of military elite shooters

Year: 2018

Authors: A Amini,M Vaezmousavi, M Naji

Background: Quiet eye is one of the cognitive factors that it affects shooting function. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of attention focus on quiet eye characteristics in military elite shooters. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 10 elite male military shooters (30-42 years old) with at least 10 years of experience in professional shooting, were selected as available samples and performed shooting under two conditions of internal (focus on forearm, elbow angle, wrists and fingers) and external focus (focus on Seibel) in a counter balance design. In each condition, 20 trails were conducted, each lasted 20 seconds. Quiet eye characteristics were recorded by eye tracking equipment and analyzed by paired repeated measures ANOVA method. Results: Our findings showed that the quiet eye onset was earlier and quiet eye period and offset were longer under external focus of attention (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Research findings supports constraint action hypothesis and Prinz’s theory of common coding and confirmed the benefits of external focus of attention for skilled athletes and emphasized its importance on improving quiet eye characteristics. According to results of the study, it can be suggested to coaches and military shooters to improve the quiet eye characteristics by using external focus of attention instructions.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

2 versions available

The Effect of Quite Eye Training with Self-Control and Variable-Constant Organization on Learning and Performance of Badminton Backhand Low Service in Student …

Year: 2018

Authors: N Parvizi,M Shahbazi,S Tahmasebi

Introduction: Quiet eye had been introduced as a period of extended gaze fixation in many targeting tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of quiet eye training with self-control and constant-variable body organization on performance and learning badminton low backhand service in the student novice girls. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 19 girl students of physical education in University of Tehran, Iran, were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of self-control (n = 9) and constant-variable (n = 10). The task intention was badminton backhand low service. In order to measure the accuracy of backhand low service, we used French short serve standard five test, and to record the visual data, Ergonear Eye Tracking test was used. The day after the pretest, participants took part in 3 sections of acquisition (8 blocks with 15 trails, a total of 360 trails), and 48 hours after the acquisition test, the test of retention and transfer was executed. The data were analyzed using Mixed ANOVA test of 2 × 4 at performance and 2 × 3 during the period of the quiet eye at a significance level of P ≥ 0.050. Results: Quiet eye duration showed a significant increase in both groups from pretest to retention (P ≥ 0.001). Therefore, it can be noted that both methods of practice had a positive effect on the quiet eye duration. However, in the accuracy performance, there was no significant different between the groups (P = 0.374) and within the groups (P = 0.890). Conclusion: It seems that the organization of constant-variable and self-control exercises has similar effects on the accuracy and quiet eye duration.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

2 versions available

The effects of distraction on anticipatory driving

Year: 2018

Authors: D He,B Donmez

The anticipation of future events in traffic can allow potential gains in recognition and response times. Anticipatory actions (i.e., actions in preparation for a potential upcoming conflict) have been found to be more prevalent among experienced drivers in a driving simulator study where driving was the sole task. The influence of secondary tasks on anticipatory driving has not yet been investigated, despite the prevalence and negative effects of distraction widely documented in the literature. A driving simulator experiment was conducted with 16 experienced and 16 novice drivers to address this gap with half of the participants provided with a self-paced visual-manual secondary task. More anticipatory actions were observed among experienced drivers in general compared to novices; experienced drivers also exhibited more efficient visual scanning behaviors. Secondary task engagement reduced anticipatory actions for both experienced and novice drivers.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Simulator

6 versions available

The gaze of Schroedinger’s cat: Eye-tracking in psycholinguistics

Year: 2018

Authors: T Chernigovskaya,S Alexeeva, A Dubasava,T Petrova

Keywords: psycholinguistics, experimental linguistics, reading process, eye tracking, processing of letters, words, sentences, texts, verbal and non-verbal patterns, Russian. The book addresses the study of reading mechanisms and visual perception using the method of eye-tracking. The authors conduct their research in the Laboratory for Cognitive Studies of Saint Petersburg State University that was the first in Russia to utilize eye-tracking in experimental studies of language more than 15 years ago. Psycholinguistic experiments aimed at analyzing reading in Russian are described; a systematic description of factors which influence reading process at different stages and linguistic levels from a single letter to a coherent text is provided. The mechanisms of separate graphemes recognition, activation and competition processes in word recognition, contextual integration processes, syntactic parsing, and anaphora resolution in eye-tracking experiments are described. The influence of the text type on its processing is demonstrated, the advantages and disadvantages of the infographics compared to verbal text are described, the relationship between visual perception of images and their verbalization is discussed. The significant role of context is highlighted: on the one hand, it helps the reader to anticipate new information, and on the other hand, it enables different multiple interpretations of a sentence or text. In the book a virtual assistant — Schroedinger’s cat — is used as a model of a subject who processes and transmits information. The book will appeal to linguists and cognitive psychologists who use eye-tracking in their research, as well as for the wide range of those who are interested in objective methods of studying language processing and human behavior.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

3 versions available

The Impact of Attention on Wines’ Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Awards and Consumption Situations

Year: 2018

Authors: PG Monteiro

The Impact of Attention on Wines' Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Awards and Consumption Situations investigates how consumers’ attention influences their intention to purchase wine, considering the moderating effects of awards and different consumption contexts. This study applies an experimental design to assess variations in purchase intentions based on manipulated levels of attention. Findings suggest that consumer attention significantly affects wine purchase intentions and highlight the nuanced roles of awards and consumption situations. The research provides valuable insights for wine marketers seeking to enhance promotional strategies.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

2 versions available

The impact of peer solution quality on peer-feedback provision on geometry proofs: Evidence from eye-movement analysis

Year: 2018

Authors: M Alqassab,JW Strijbos,S Ufer

Providing feedback on peer solutions to geometry proofs can support preservice mathematics teachers' assessment skills of such complex tasks. However, the quality of peer solutions may influence cognitive processing during peer-feedback provision, learning from providing peer-feedback, and peer-feedback content. To investigate this effect, we recorded the eye-movements of fifty-three preservice mathematics teachers while providing feedback on a near-correct or an erroneous peer solution to a geometry proof, and we measured their proof comprehension and peer-feedback content. Results show that the absence of errors earlier in the peer solution facilitated reliance on a figure-based approach, whereas encountering errors earlier in the peer solution was associated with more focus on the text of the proof. Students who provided peer-feedback on the near-correct peer solution had better comprehension of the proof, and they provided more accurate peer-feedback. Errors in peer solutions thus appear to hinder positive peer-feedback outcomes.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

5 versions available

User experience evaluation of industrial design based on brain cognitive behavior

Year: 2018

Authors: X Wu, Y Wu

User experience evaluation is essential for the development of industrial design, as it directly affects the usability and consumer satisfaction of products. This study investigates the impact of brain cognitive behavior on user experience evaluation of industrial design. By analyzing brain activity responses and cognitive load during interaction with industrial designs, the research aims to uncover how users perceive and process design elements. The findings provide insights into optimizing design features to enhance user experience and inform the development of brain-based evaluation methods for industrial design.

Eye Tracking Glasses
Software

1 version available: