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Driving Simulation

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Total results: 274

A missing link between fidelity and realism: an experts’ assessment of an advanced motion-based driving simulator

Year: 2021

Authors: M Luzuriaga, S Trunzer

A major concern about advanced motion-based simulators is their level of fidelity i.e., how close the motion sensation in a simulator is to the one perceived in a real vehicle. In this study, we collect the assessment from an exceptional sample composed by n = 33 automotive industry experts who were asked to evaluate the fidelity in terms of steering, braking and speed. Given the subjective nature of our measure, we propose a censored-data Tobit regression model that accounts for this issue, thus providing more accurate estimations. Our results show that, on average, experts evaluated the steering actions close to the maximum level of fidelity. However, braking and speed were evaluated lower in realism, and in fact both diminished the overall fidelity judgement by up to 50%. Moreover, coefficients indicate that steering contributes more to the judgement of fidelity than braking and speed actions. Heterogeneity in the experts' responses and general implications are discussed.

7 versions available

Acute hyperglycaemia can impair driving skill in young type 1 diabetes mellitus patients

Year: 2021

Authors: A Haim, RS Shamy,D Ridel,Y Parmet

Drivers with diabetes are at increased risk of being involved in road accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycaemia (AH) compared with euglycaemia on driving ability in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Eighteen drivers with T1DM were asked to navigate twice through nine hazardous scenarios, using a driving simulator, during euglycaemia and then again during AH (mean blood glucose: 138 ± 34 mg/dL and 321 ± 29 mg/dL, respectively) in a counterbalanced crossover study. Driving performance was continually monitored for driving speed, steering wheel angle, acceleration, and location and velocity of other vehicles and obstacles, with drivers wearing a mobile head-mounted eye-tracking system. The main findings were that, during AH, participants were less likely to identify a hazard [probability of identification (POI): 0.5725 ± 0.5], glanced fewer times at the hazard (3.24 ± 5.9), maintained shorter headway (between-vehicle) distance (mean: 40.87 ± 20.15 m) and had an increased number of braking events per km driven (6.69 ± 5.20) compared with driving during euglycaemia (POI: 0.733 ± 0.4; number of glances: 3.69 ± 6.99; headway distance: 50.46 ± 26.2 m; number of braking events per km driven: 4.31 ± 3.87; P < 0.05 for all parameters). This study provides evidence that AH impairs driving performance in young T1DM patients by demonstrating the negative effects of AH on both hazard perception and speed management.

5 versions available

Analysis of Driver Judgment and Reaction by Different Levels of Visual Information on EHMI

Year: 2021

Authors: Y Kwon, D Lim, B Kim

As autonomous vehicles make their debut on public roads, communicating with other drivers via an external human-machine interface (eHMI) has become crucial for road safety. Our work explores required visual information levels by observing participants’ judgment time in the driver’s seat and by measuring the ability metrics of eHMI implemented on autonomous vehicles (AVs) passing by. We evaluated about 10 eHMI design alternatives, and measured the time from perceiving the rear-facing eHMI of an AV passing by to the moment the participants decide how to drive using eye tracking glasses. Also, we surveyed subjective evaluations of how participants feel about seeing the eHMIs. The results show that using text reduces the time to drivers’ judgment, and fast flashing effects and the color red effectively draw attention and give warning. The results suggest that it is essential for future AVs to use text and practical visual elements when other drivers on the road require quick reactions.

2 versions available

Analyzing Transitional Stages During Transfer of Control in an Automated Vehicle

Year: 2021

Authors: D Nagaraju

Understanding the transitional stages during the transfer of control in automated vehicles is crucial for enhancing safety and improving user experience. This study investigates the behavioral and cognitive processes of drivers as they transition between automated and manual control. The research employs a variety of methods, including driving simulations and real-world trials, to gather comprehensive data on driver reactions, decision-making, and overall performance during these critical moments. Findings from this study provide valuable insights into designing better human-machine interfaces and developing strategies to support drivers during the transfer of control in automated vehicles.

2 versions available

Comfort optimization of adaptive cruise control based on heart rate variability and fuzzy control

Year: 2021

Authors: Z Yang, WH Fu, Z Zhang, J Zhang

This paper investigated the impact of braking intensity of self-driving cars at different initial speeds on straight road sections on drivers' comfort, with a view to achieving the comfort optimization of adaptive cruise control (ACC). Specifically, the real vehicle test was conducted in an enclosed venue based on the within-subjects design of 3 × 3 × 2, and the data pertaining to electrocardiogram (ECG) and subjective evaluation of 9 subject drivers in 9 sub tests were collected. Besides, the impacts of different motion states on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed using the general linear model for repeated measures, and the relationships among drivers' comfort, decelerations, and standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN, an index of HRV) were obtained based on subjective and objective analyses. Additionally, a control strategy based on HRV and fuzzy control was formulated to realize the comfort optimization of ACC in case of an abrupt deceleration of the preceding vehicle, the verifications were performed through joint simulation. The results exhibited that the control strategy based on HRV and fuzzy control could shorten the deceleration time in case of an abrupt deceleration of the preceding vehicle, and may improve the comfort in such scenario.

1 version available:

Correlation Between Emotional and Eye-Hand Coordination Ability Towards Passing Ability in Volleyball

Year: 2021

Authors: TH Sin, I Prasetia,  Conference on Sport Sciences, Health and

The problem in this study is the lack of passing ability on volleyball in class X students of Adabiah Padang High School, this study aims to determine the correlation between emotional and eye-hand coordination to the passing ability of volleyball on class X students of Adabiah Padang High School. This research is a correlational type, the study population was 93 people, and the sample was taken by random sampling technique, the sample in this study were 60 students. The test used was a Likert scale questionnaire, a tennis ball throwing test, and the AAHPER face pass wall-volley test. The data analysis technique used is simple correlation analysis and multiple correlation. Research Results: There is a correlation between emotional and passing ability on volleyball by r count (0.453)>r table (0.254). Hand-eye coordination provides a correlation to the passing ability of volleyball by r count (0.582)>r table (0.254). Then, emotional and eye-hand coordination together provide a correlation to the passing ability r count (0.577)>r table (0.254).

2 versions available

Distraction potential of vehicle-based on-road projection

Year: 2021

Authors: T Glück,T Biermann,A Wolf, S Budig,A Ziebehl

With regard to autonomous driving, on-road projections cannot only be used for communication with the driver but also with other road users. Our study aims to investigate the distraction potential for other road users when on-road projections (e.g., for driver assistance) are used to communicate with the driver of the projecting vehicle. We perform this investigation in a blind study with 38 test persons who are overtaken six times on a constant motorway section by the projection vehicle. The distraction potential is examined with an eye-tracking system, which detects the direction of the subjects’ gaze. In addition, the subjects’ physiological perception of the headlight projection is recorded with a questionnaire afterward. Several test subjects looked at the projection for less than one second, which is well below the critical threshold for the distraction of 1.6 s. In the interviews, on the other hand, only one of the 38 test persons stated that a projection on the road was recognized. For the examined scenario, it is therefore deduced that on-road projections with the selected symbol shape and brightness do not lead to critical distraction.

9 versions available

Driver cognitive load classification based on physiological data—case study 7

Year: 2021

Authors: D He,M Risteska,B Donmez, K Chen

Understanding the driver's cognitive load is important for evaluating in-vehicle user interfaces. This paper describes experiments to assess machine learning classification algorithms on their ability to automatically identify elevated cognitive load in drivers. The study involves the collection of physiological and driving performance data from drivers in the field, and the application of various classification models to this data. The authors aim to determine which algorithms are most effective at recognizing periods of high cognitive load, with the ultimate goal of using this insight to improve driver safety and performance through adaptive vehicle systems.

4 versions available

Driver Scanning Behavior at Urban and Suburban Intersections: An On-Road Approach

Year: 2021

Authors: J Girgis

Urban and suburban intersections present unique challenges for drivers, requiring them to divide their attention between multiple sources of information. This dissertation investigates driver scanning behavior at these intersections using an on-road approach to gather real-world data. The findings suggest significant differences in how drivers scan their environment in urban versus suburban settings, which has implications for the design of intersection safety interventions. By understanding these behaviors, transportation authorities can develop more effective strategies to reduce accidents and enhance road safety. This research provides valuable insights into driver behavior that can inform future transportation planning and policy-making.

3 versions available

Drivers’ visual characteristics in small-radius optically long tunnels on rural roads

Year: 2021

Authors: S Wang, Z Du, G Chen, H Zheng, Z Tang

This study aims to investigate drivers’ visual characteristics under different radii and turning conditions in small-radius optically long tunnels on rural roads. Fixation and saccade were our main research objectives. We conducted real vehicle tests in optically long tunnels under four different radii. Using the distribution of gaze points, fixation duration, and fixation frequency, the drivers’ fixation characteristics were examined. In addition, the drivers’ saccade characteristics were examined by selecting the saccade duration, saccade frequency, and saccade amplitude. Accordingly, we established mathematical models of fixation duration and saccade duration with a radius under different turning conditions in different zones. Along with the visual task, we further examined drivers’ characteristics in optically long tunnels. We found that the smaller the tunnel radius, the more focused gaze points on inside of the curves, the larger the fixation duration, and the lower the safety with higher psychological pressure. In the zone where the exit portal was invisible, drivers’ tension and risk were higher during turning right, whereas drivers’ tension and risk were higher during turning left in the zone that the exit portal was visible.

2 versions available